Dimmuborgir 黑色城堡 , Skutustadagigar

Dimmuborgir is a large area of unusually shaped lava fields east of Mývatn in Iceland. The Dimmuborgir area is composed of various volcanic caves and rock formations, reminiscent of an ancient collapsed citadel (hence the name). The dramatic structures are one of Iceland's most popular natural tourist attractions.

The Dimmuborgir area consist of a massive, collapsed lava tube formed by a lava lake flowing in from a large eruption in the Þrengslaborgir and Lúdentsborgir crater row to the East, about 2300 years ago.  At Dimmuborgir, the lava pooled over a small lake. As the lava flowed across the wet sod, the water of the marsh started to boil, the vapour rising through the lava forming lava pillars from drainpipe size up to several meters in diameter. As the lava continued flowing towards lower ground in the Mývatn area, the top crust collapsed, but the hollow pillars of solidified lava remained. The lava lake must have been at least 10 meters deep, as estimated by the tallest structures still standing.

The lava flow surface remains partly intact around the Dimmuborgir area, so that the Dimmuborgir itself sits below the surrounding surface area. The area is characterised by large hollow cell- or chamber-like structures formed around bubbles of vapour, and some dramatically standing lava pillars. Several of the chambers and pillar bases are large enough to house humans, giving rise to the term "castles" (borgir).

Dimmuborgir位于米湖东面，Dimmuborgir在北欧的语言中意为Dark Castle，而这里也是一个名副其实的黑色城堡，方圆几公里范围内，黑岩耸立，怪石嶙峋，森冷诡异，走入其中，如图身陷迷宫，穿梭间早已分不清东南西北，指示牌成了唯一的方向标。
火山喷发的熔岩流经洼地或湿地时形成了熔岩湖，表层熔岩迅速冷却固化，次层依然是炽热的岩浆，于是积蕴的水蒸气冲出地表形成了喷气孔，而周围的岩浆又因固化而堆积，日复一日，越堆越高，熔岩湖消失，地表下沉开裂，形成了现在的Dimmuborgir。

Skutustadagigar

Skutustadagigar位于米湖南边，在Stakholstjorn池周围遍布数十个众似火山口的地形，但实际上它们是伪火山口（Psuedocrater）。伪火山口形成是由于火山爆发时流出的岩浆流过如沼泽、湖或池塘等湿润表面时会产生蒸汽爆炸，形成一如真火山口的形状；而这裡一系列伪火山口是在2,300年前一次熔岩喷发而成。这种奇异的地形会否令你联想到月球？据说美国太空总署实行登月计画之前，就曾派遣多位太空人来到这裡附近模拟在月球生活；若不是看过湖面的水，在斜坡上几头觅食的长毛冰岛羊，真有几秒钟幻想过自己不是踏足在地球之上。