Iceland 冰岛
REYKJAVIK 雷克雅未克
概况
雷克雅未克位于法赫萨湾南部，是斯堪地那维亚北欧岛国冰岛的首都，亦是冰岛最大的城市。雷克雅未克地理上非常接近北极圈，其纬度64°08'N，是全世界最北的首都。是全世界市容最干净无烟城、全靠地热能的首都圈。在2012年，雷克雅未克人口大概为120,000人，是全冰岛的文化、经济和政务活动中心。
雷克雅未克曾被丹麦及挪威管治过，亦在其管治期间发展了本地的经济及产业，故此，于冰岛独立成主权国家时，该城便被立为首都。现时，冰岛议会大厅、政府大楼、国家博物馆等设施都设立于雷克雅未克。
Reykjavík is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It has a latitude of 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state, and is a popular tourist destination.It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxa Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Capital Region), it is the heart of Iceland's cultural, economic and governmental activity.
Reykjavík is believed to be the location of the first permanent settlement in Iceland, which, according to Ingólfur Arnarson, was established in AD 874. Until the 19th century, there was no urban development in the city location. The city was founded in 1786 as an official trading town and grew steadily over the next decades, as it transformed into a regional and later national center of commerce, population, and governmental activities. It is among the cleanest, greenest, and safest cities in the world.
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| The Solfar or Sun Voyager, realized in 1971, scuplture in metal of Jon Gunnar Arnasonndais, |
Harpa Music Hall and Conference Centre
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| Harpa Music Hall and Conference Centre |
Harpa was designed by the Danish firm Henning Larsen Architects in co-operation with Danish-Icelandic artist Olafur Eliasson. The structure consists of a steel framework clad with geometric shaped glass panels of different colours. The building was originally part of a redevelopment of the Austurhöfn area dubbed World Trade Center Reykjavík, which was partially abandoned when the financial crisis took hold. The development was intended to include a 400-room hotel, luxury apartments, retail units, restaurants, a car park and the new headquarters of Icelandic bank Landsbanki.
The completion of the structure was uncertain until the government decided in 2008 to fully fund the rest of the construction costs for the half-built concert hall. For several years it was the only construction project in existence in Iceland. The building was given its name on the Day of Icelandic Music on 11 December 2009, prior to which it was called The Reykjavík Concert Hall and Conference Centre . The building is the first purpose-built concert hall in Reykjavík and it was developed in consultation with artistic advisor Vladimir Ashkenazy and international consultant Jasper Parrott of HarrisonParrott. It houses the Iceland Symphony Orchestra and the offices of The Icelandic Opera.
Höfði is a house in northern Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland, built in 1909. Höfði is located at Félagstún. Initially, it was built for the French consul Jean-Paul Brillouin in Iceland and was the exclusive residence of poet and businessman Einar Benediktsson (1864-1940) for many years. It is best known as the location for the 1986 Reykjavík Summit meeting of presidents Ronald Reagan of the United States and Mikhail Gorbachev of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. That effectively was a step to the end of the Cold War. Within the building the flags of the United States and the Soviet Union are cross-hung to commemorate the meeting.
In the 1940s and 1950s, it was home to the British Embassy in Reykjavík. The city of Reykjavík purchased the house in 1958, restored it to its former glory. From that time used it for formal receptions and festive occasions.
On 25 September 2009, on the building's 100th birthday, Höfði was damaged in a fire. All irreplaceable artifacts were saved.
Hallgrímskirkja Church 哈尔格林姆教堂
哈尔格林姆教堂是冰岛雷克雅未克一座路德教派教堂。哈尔格林姆教堂高73米，是冰岛最大的教堂，也是冰岛第六高的建筑结构，仅次于海德利桑德长波无线电桅杆、格林达维克无线电桅杆、埃伊尔斯塔济长波无线电桅杆和Smáratorg塔。 哈尔格林姆教堂以诗人HallgrímurPétursson命名
Hallgrímskirkja ( church of Hallgrímur) is a Lutheran (Church of Iceland) parish church in Reykjavík, Iceland. At 73 metres (244 ft), it is the largest church in Iceland and the sixth tallest architectural structure in Iceland after Longwave radio mast Hellissandur, the radio masts of the US Navy at Grindavík, Eiðar longwave transmitter and Smáratorg tower. The church is named after the Icelandic poet and clergyman Hallgrímur Pétursson (1614 to 1674), author of the Passion Hymns.。
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| Bæjarins Beztu Pylsur the Clinton hotdog |
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| Kolaportid Flea Market |
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| Kolaportid Flea Market
Kæstur hákarl is a national dish of Iceland consisting of a Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) or other sleeper shark which has been cured with a particular fermentation process and hung to dry for four to five months. Kæstur hákarl is usually an acquired taste; it has a very particular ammonia-rich smell and fishy taste.
冰岛发酵鲨鱼肉是一种起源自冰岛的食品，亦为冰岛人在冬季节庆里会采用的传统料理，其带有强烈、类似氨的刺激气味。
主要制作方法是将小头睡鲨身上的肉切下、之后经由四至五个月时间的发酵及晾干处理所完成。会采用发酵的方法原因是新鲜的小头睡鲨肉块里带有着大量的尿素、或三甲胺氧化物，而若让肉块摆着发酵腐败便能慢慢清除该成分；以较适宜食用。
传统发酵方法一般采用在布满砾石的海滩上挖个浅洞，之后将去头切身后的睡鲨放置在浅洞后，用大量的小石头给盖起来，让被石头压着的睡鲨肉慢慢将身上残留的汁液挤出。而现今较现代的方法则有改将鲨鱼肉放置具排水功能的塑胶容器里发酵。
在等待6到12周时间后便会将先前埋在海滩上的鲨鱼肉挖出来，之后放在专门处理的地方里晾干。而在晾干的过程中鲨鱼肉会在外表产生棕色的痕迹，这些棕色的外皮会在晾干处理过程结束后切除。
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